Monday, March 19, 2007

Thyagaraja Kriti - Rama Rama Krishna - Raga Gauli Pantu

Transliteration–Telugu
Transliteration as per Modified Harvard-Kyoto (HK) Convention
(including Telugu letters – Short e, Short o) -

a A i I u U
R RR lR lRR
e E ai o O au M (H or :)

(e – short E – Long o – short O – Long)

k kh g gh n/G
c ch j jh n/J (jn – as in jnAna)
T Th D Dh N
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l L v
S sh s h

rAma rAma kRshNA-gauLipantu

In the kRti ‘rAma rAma kRshNAyanarE’ – rAga gauLipantu (tALa Adi), SrI tyAgarAja asks people to sing praises of the Lord in order to redeem themselves.

pallavi
rAma rAma kRshNA(y)anarE
rAtri pagalu mA sItA (rAma)


caraNam 1
1itara mArga saukhyamulaku
atani hRdayamE sAkshiyu (rAma)


caraNam 2
kAni panula kOri kOri
karaguc(u)NDu mAnavulu (rAma)


caraNam 3
kutsitapu mATalaku
2udduga poraleDu janulu (rAma)


caraNam 4
3sarva SAstramulanu cadivi
Asa dAsul(a)yina vAru (rAma)


caraNam 5
eduTi pacca jUDa lEka
hitapu mATal(A)Du janulu (rAma)


caraNam 6
callani vAkkulu paliki
svAntam(a)nalam(ai)na vAru (rAma)


caraNam 7
paluka nErci(y)aDuga pOtE
teliviki hAni(y)aina vAru (rAma)


caraNam 8
4jAti hInulaina vAru
jANal(ai)nAr(a)dE sAkshi (rAma)


caraNam 9
5pAmu pandi gaja piSAca
pAtak(A)grEsarulE sAkshi (rAma)


caraNam 10
tyAgarAju telusukonna
6tArakam(i)ha para 7sAdhakamu (rAma)


Gist

Hey folks!
  • Day and night chant ‘O our Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’!

  • Regarding the comfort derived in adhering to other paths, one’s (adherent’s) heart itself is witness.

  • Hey folks –
    • who are getting emaciated by undertaking mis-deeds repeatedly!
    • who go for duel for offensive words!
    • who, even after studying all SAstras, became slaves of desires!
    • who, though envious of others’ prosperity, yet, utter kind words to them!
    • who speak nice words, but are fuming inside!
    • who, though proficient in speaking, but are clue-less on questioning!

  • Day and night chant ‘O our Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’!

  • Those who were out-castes, became wise by chanting the names of the Lord; that itself is proof.
  • A snake, a pig or boar, an elephant, a fiend and a dreadful sinner became foremost (devotees) by chanting the names of the Lord; they are proof.

  • This is the raft (for fording Ocean of Worldly Existence) realised by this tyAgarAja.
  • This is the means (for accomplishment) here and hereafter.

  • Therefore, chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA and kRshNA’.



Word-by-word Meaning

pallavi
rAma rAma kRshNA-anarE
rAtri pagalu mA sItA (rAma)

Day (pagalu) and night (rAtri) chant (anarE) ‘O our (mA) Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA (rAma), kRshNA’ (kRshNAyanarE)!


caraNam 1
itara mArga saukhyamulaku
atani hRdayamE sAkshiyu (rAma)

Regarding the comfort (saukhyamulaku) (literally comforts) derived in adhering to other (itara) paths (mArga), one’s (adherent’s) (atani) heart itself (hRdayamE) is witness (sAkshiyu).
Therefore, chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 2
kAni panula kOri kOri
karagucu-uNDu mAnavulu (rAma)

Hey folks (mAnavulu) are getting emaciated (karagucu uNDu) (karagucuNDu) by undertaking mis-deeds (kAni panula) repeatedly (kOri kOri)! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 3
kutsitapu mATalaku
udduga poraleDu janulu (rAma)

Hey Folks (janulu) who go for duel (udduga poraleDu) for offensive (kutsitapu) words (mATalaku)! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 4
sarva SAstramulanu cadivi
Asa dAsulu-ayina vAru (rAma)

Hey folks (vAru) who, even after studying (cadivi) all (sakala) SAstras (SAstramulanu), became (ayina) slaves (dAsulu) (dAsulayina) of desires (Asa)! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 5
eduTi pacca jUDa lEka
hitapu mATalADu janulu (rAma)

Hey fellows (janulu) who, though envious of others’ prosperity (eduTi pacca jUDa lEka) (literally do not like to look at the greenery on the opposite side), yet, utter (ADu) kind (hitapu) words (mATalu) (mATAlADu) to them! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 6
callani vAkkulu paliki
svAntamu-analamu-aina vAru (rAma)

Hey folks (vAru) who speak (palki) nice (callani) (literally cool) words (vAkkulu), but are (aina) fuming (analamu) (literally fire) inside (svAntamu) (svAntamanalamaina)! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 7
paluka nErci-aDuga pOtE
teliviki hAni-aina vAru (rAma)

Hey fellows (vAru) who, though proficient (nErci) in speaking (paluka), but are clue-less (teliviki hAni aina) (literally bereft of understanding) (hAniyaina) on questioning (aDuga pOtE) (nErciyaDuga)! Chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 8
jAti hInulaina vAru
jANalu-ainAru-adE sAkshi (rAma)

Those who were (aina vAru) outcastes (jAti hInulu) (hInulaina) became (ainAru) wise (jANalu) by chanting the names of the Lord; that itself (adE) (jANalainAradE) is proof (sAkshi) (literally witness). Therefore, chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 9
pAmu pandi gaja piSAca
pAtaka-agrEsarulE sAkshi (rAma)

A snake (pAmu), a pig or boar (pandi), an elephant (gaja), a fiend (piSAca) and a dreadful sinner (pAtaka) became foremost (devotees) (agrEsarulE) (pAtakAgrEsarulE) by chanting the names of the Lord; they are proof (sAkshi). Therefore, chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA, kRshNA’.


caraNam 10
tyAgarAju telusukonna
tArakamu-iha para sAdhakamu (rAma)

This is the raft (tArakamu) (for fording Ocean of Worldly Existence) realised (telusukonna) by this tyAgarAja; this is the means (sAdhakamu) (for accomplishment) here (iha) (tArakamiha) and hereafter (para). Therefore, chant day and night ‘O Lord sItA rAmA, rAmA and kRshNA’.


Notes –
Variations
2 – udduga – this is how it is given in all the books. The root word is 'uddi' which means 'duel'.

3 – sarava SAstramulanu – cAla SAstramanni’ : 'cAla' and 'anni' many not go together.

7 – sAdhakamu – sAdhanamu : Both words are similar.

References
4 - jAti hInulu jANalainAru – out-castes became wise - this probably refers to sage vAlmIki.

5 - pAmu – snake - this probably refers to kALiya.

5 - gaja – elephant – this probably refers to gajEndra.

5 - piSAca – fiend – this probably refers to vibhIshaNa.

Comments -
1 - itara mArga saukhyamu – While SrI tyAgarAja eulogises the path of devotion, he is not ridiculing other paths and says that whether followers of other paths derive happiness or not, is known to themselves only. He wants them to compare with the happiness derived from the path of devotion.

5 - pandi – pig or boar – the reference is not clear.

5 - pAtaka – dreadful sinner – the reference is not clear.

6 – tArakamu – raft - name ‘rAma’ enables fording the saMsAra.



Devanagari

ऎ,कॆ,चॆ.. - e,ke,ce..(short);
ए,के,चे.. - E,kE,cE..(long);
ऐ,कै,चै.. - ai,kai,cai..;
ऒ,कॊ,चॊ.. - o,ko,co..(short);
ओ,को,चो.. - O,kO,cO..(long);
औ,कौ,चौ.. -au,kau,cau..;

प. राम राम कृष्णा(य)नरे
रात्रि पगलु मा सीता (राम)

च1. इतर मार्ग सौख्यमुलकु
अतनि हृदयमे साक्षियु (राम)

च2. कानि पनुल कोरि कोरि
करगु(चु)ण्डु मानवुलु (राम)

च3. कुत्सितपु माटलकु
उद्दुग पॊरलॆडु जनुलु (राम)

च4. सर्व शास्त्रमुलनु चदिवि
आस दासु(ल)यिन वारु (राम)

च5. ऎदुटि पच्च जूड लेक
हितपु माट(ला)डु जनुलु (राम)

च6. चल्लनि वाक्कुलु पलिकि
स्वान्त(म)नल(मै)न वारु (राम)

च7. पलुक नेर्चि(य)डुग पोते
तॆलिविकि हानि(यै)न वारु (राम)

च8. जाति हीनु(लै)न वारु
जाण(लै)ना(र)दे साक्षि (राम)

च9. पामु पन्दि गज पिशाच
पात(का)ग्रेसरुले साक्षि (राम)

च10. त्यागराजु तॆलुसुकॊन्न
तारक(मि)ह पर साधकमु (राम)


Tamil


க,ச,ட,த,ப - 2-ख छ ठ थ फ; 3-ग ड द ब; 4-घ झ ढ ध भ
(ச3 - ஜ)
ஸ1 श - शिव - சிவன்
ரு2 ऋ - कृप - கிருபை

ப. ராம ராம க்ரு2ஷ்ணா(ய)னரே
ராத்ரி பக3லு மா ஸீதா (ராம)

ச1. இதர மார்க3 ஸௌக்2யமுலகு
அதனி ஹ்ரு2த3யமே ஸாக்ஷியு (ராம)

ச2. கானி பனுல கோரி கோரி
கரகு3(சு)ண்டு3 மானவுலு (ராம)

ச3. குத்ஸிதபு மாடலகு
உத்3து3க3 பொரலெடு3 ஜனுலு (ராம)

ச4. ஸர்வ ஸா1ஸ்த்ரமுலனு சதி3வி
ஆஸ தா3ஸு(ல)யின வாரு (ராம)

ச5. எது3டி பச்ச ஜூட3 லேக
ஹிதபு மாட(லா)டு3 ஜனுலு (ராம)

ச6. சல்லனி வாக்குலு பலிகி
ஸ்வாந்த(ம)னல(மை)ன வாரு (ராம)

ச7. பலுக நேர்சி(ய)டு3க3 போதே
தெலிவிகி ஹானி(யை)ன வாரு (ராம)

ச8. ஜாதி ஹீனு(லை)ன வாரு
ஜாண(லை)னா(ர)தே3 ஸாக்ஷி (ராம)

ச9. பாமு பந்தி3 க3ஜ பிஸா1ச
பாத(கா)க்3ரேஸருலே ஸாக்ஷி (ராம)

ச10. த்யாக3ராஜு தெலுஸுகொன்ன
தாரக(மி)ஹ பர ஸாத4கமு (ராம)

இரவும் பகலும் 'நமது சீதாராமா,
இராமா, கண்ணா' யென்பீர்!

1. மற்ற நெறிகளின் சௌக்கியங்களுக்கு,
அவரவர் உள்ளமே சாட்சியாகும்;

2. கூடாத பணிகளை விழைந்து, விழைந்து,
இளைத்துக்கொண்டிருக்கும் மனிதர்களே!

3. கெட்ட சொற்களுக்கு
மல்லாடிப் புரளும் மக்களே!

4. அனைத்து சாத்திரங்களைக் கற்றும்,
ஆசைக்கு அடிமையானோரே!

5. எதிராளியின் செழிப்பைக்காணச் சகியாது,
(ஆனால் மேலுக்கு) இன்சொல் கூறுவோரே!

6. (வெளியில்) குளுமையான சொற்கள் கூறி,
(ஆனால்) உள்ளுக்குள் வேகுவோரே!

7. பேசக் கற்று, (கேள்வி) கேட்கப் போனால்,
தெரிவற்றோரே!
இரவும் பகலும் 'நமது சீதாராமா,
இராமா, கண்ணா' யென்பீர்!

8. சாதி கெட்டுப்போனோரும்
சான்றோராயினர், அஃதே சாட்சி;

9. பாம்பு, பன்றி, யானை, பிசாசு,
பாதகர்கள் தலைசிறந்தோரானதே சாட்சி;

10. தியாகராசன் தெரிந்துகொண்ட
தாரகம்; இம்மை, மறுமைக்குச் சாதனம் (இதுவே)
இரவும் பகலும் நமது 'சீதாராமா,
இராமா, கண்ணா' யென்பீர்!

மற்ற வழிகள் - பக்தி நெறி தவிர மற்றவை.
சாதி கெட்டுப்போனோர் - வால்மீகி முனிவரைக் குறிக்கலாம்.
பாம்பு - காளியன் - யமுனையில் கண்ணன் இவன் தலைமீது நடனமாடினான்.
யானை - கசேந்திரனைக் குறிக்கும்.
பன்றி - யாரைக்குறிக்குமென விளங்கவில்லை.
பிசாசு - விபீடணனைக் குறிக்கலாம்.
தாரகம் - 'ராமா' என்னும் பெயர் பிறவிக்கடலைக் கடத்துவிக்கும் ஓடம்.


Telugu

ప. రామ రామ కృష్ణాయనరే
రాత్రి పగలు మా సీతా (రామ)

చ1. ఇతర మార్గ సౌఖ్యములకు
అతని హృదయమే సాక్షియు (రామ)

చ2. కాని పనుల కోరి కోరి
కరగుచుండు మానవులు (రామ)

చ3. కుత్సితపు మాటలకు
ఉద్దుగ పొరలెడు జనులు (రామ)

చ4. సర్వ శాస్త్రములను చదివి
ఆస దాసులయిన వారు (రామ)

చ5. ఎదుటి పచ్చ జూడ లేక
హితపు మాటలాడు జనులు (రామ)

చ6. చల్లని వాక్కులు పలికి
స్వాంతమనలమైన వారు (రామ)

చ7. పలుక నేర్చియడుగ పోతే
తెలివికి హానియైన వారు (రామ)

చ8. జాతి హీనులైన వారు
జాణలైనారదే సాక్షి (రామ)

చ9. పాము పంది గజ పిశాచ
పాతకాగ్రేసరులే సాక్షి (రామ)

చ10. త్యాగరాజు తెలుసుకొన్న
తారకమిహ పర సాధకము (రామ)


Kannada

ಪ. ರಾಮ ರಾಮ ಕೃಷ್ಣಾಯನರೇ
ರಾತ್ರಿ ಪಗಲು ಮಾ ಸೀತಾ (ರಾಮ)

ಚ1. ಇತರ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಸೌಖ್ಯಮುಲಕು
ಅತನಿ ಹೃದಯಮೇ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ2. ಕಾನಿ ಪನುಲ ಕೋರಿ ಕೋರಿ
ಕರಗುಚುಂಡು ಮಾನವುಲು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ3. ಕುತ್ಸಿತಪು ಮಾಟಲಕು
ಉದ್ದುಗ ಪೊರಲೆಡು ಜನುಲು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ4. ಸರ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಮುಲನು ಚದಿವಿ
ಆಸ ದಾಸುಲಯಿನ ವಾರು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ5. ಎದುಟಿ ಪಚ್ಚ ಜೂಡ ಲೇಕ
ಹಿತಪು ಮಾಟಲಾಡು ಜನುಲು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ6. ಚಲ್ಲನಿ ವಾಕ್ಕುಲು ಪಲಿಕಿ
ಸ್ವಾಂತಮನಲಮೈನ ವಾರು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ7. ಪಲುಕ ನೇರ್ಚಿಯಡುಗ ಪೋತೇ
ತೆಲಿವಿಕಿ ಹಾನಿಯೈನ ವಾರು (ರಾಮ)

ಚ8. ಜಾತಿ ಹೀನುಲೈನ ವಾರು
ಜಾಣಲೈನಾರದೇ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ (ರಾಮ)

ಚ9. ಪಾಮು ಪಂದಿ ಗಜ ಪಿಶಾಚ
ಪಾತಕಾಗ್ರೇಸರುಲೇ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ (ರಾಮ)

ಚ10. ತ್ಯಾಗರಾಜು ತೆಲುಸುಕೊನ್ನ
ತಾರಕಮಿಹ ಪರ ಸಾಧಕಮು (ರಾಮ)


Malayalam


പ. രാമ രാമ കൃഷ്ണായനരേ
രാത്രി പഗലു മാ സീതാ (രാമ)

ച1. ഇതര മാര്ഗ സൌഖ്യമുലകു
അതനി ഹൃദയമേ സാക്ഷിയു (രാമ)

ച2. കാനി പനുല കോരി കോരി
കരഗുചുണ്ഡു മാനവുലു (രാമ)

ച3. കുത്സിതപു മാടലകു
ഉദ്ദുഗ പൊരലെഡു ജനുലു (രാമ)

ച4. സര്വ ശാസ്ത്രമുലനു ചദിവി
ആസ ദാസുലയിന വാരു (രാമ)

ച5. എദുടി പച്ച ജൂഡ ലേക
ഹിതപു മാടലാഡു ജനുലു (രാമ)

ച6. ചല്ലനി വാക്കുലു പലികി
സ്വാന്തമനലമൈന വാരു (രാമ)

ച7. പലുക നേര്ചിയഡുഗ പോതേ
തെലിവികി ഹാനിയൈന വാരു (രാമ)

ച8. ജാതി ഹീനുലൈന വാരു
ജാണലൈനാരദേ സാക്ഷി (രാമ)

ച9. പാമു പന്ദി ഗജ പിശാച
പാതകാഗ്രേസരുലേ സാക്ഷി (രാമ)

ച10. ത്യാഗരാജു തെലുസുകൊന്ന
താരകമിഹ പര സാധകമു (രാമ)


Updated on 09 Dec 2010

2 comments:

Govindaswamy said...

Dear Sri Govindan
I wrote earlier as
“In pallavi ‘anarE’ is addressed to persons in front. You have used the exclamation ‘Hey Folks!’. The terms in C 2 to C7, mAnavulu, janulu, dAsulayinavAru etc do not appear to be exclamations. These are in third person. Are not mAnavulA etc the right terms?”

You responded as

“I agree with you with that the ending words of C2 to C7 - mAnavulu, vAru, janulu are in third person. But when these are connected to pallavi 'anarE' which is in second person, there is no alternative but to translate these as addressed to them only. I also agree with you that it would have been better if it is used as 'mAnavulA' - but this is how it is given in all the books.”

On second reading I felt that the following interpretation clears the apparent discrepancy.

‘anare’ - Does not ‘anaru’ and ‘aNTuru’ mean they won’t chant and they will chant. This will easily refer to the people deswcribed in C 2 to C7. If so, anaru is verb in third person, plural, Common gender, present/future tense, negative .
‘E’ at the end shows that tyAgarAja feels sad for the people , described in C2 to C who indulge in wrong activities but do not chant rAmA’s name.
But C 1 appears to stand alone and does not appear to fit in with the flow of thought in the following caraNAs.

After lamenting for the miscreants tyAgarAja gives evidence of benefits to be gained by chanting rAmanAmam, in C8 to C10.
Regards
Govindaswamy

V Govindan said...

Dear Sri Govindaswamy,

Instead of taking 'anarE' in caraNas 2 to 7 in negative sense, why should we not assume it to be an exhortation to such people to redeem themselves? I take the final two caraNas regarding sinners becoming 'agrEsara', as an example for others.

caraNas 2 to 7 forms the core of the kRti. Therefore, it is not correct to give 'negative' meaning to the word 'anarE'.

Your view may be suitable if there are positive references other than these caraNas.

Regards,
V Govindan